•研究資料• |
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秦始皇年譜簡表 |
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| 259 B.C. |
Born |
Qin Shihuang was born, not in his home
country of Qin, but in Gangdan – the capital city of the
warlord country of Chao. This is because of his father,
Yee Ren, at that time was living in Chao, as a token of
Qin’s allegiance to Chao; in other word, Yee Ren was a
hostage. About Qin Shihuang’s real father, there were
some anecdotes quickly spreading throughout Qin, soon
after he took over the throne in 247 B.C. As a hostage,
Yee Ren’s life was unpleasant and difficult. But fortunately,
he was discovered by a merchant living in Gangdan at the
same time, this merchant – Lu Buwei, made a bold investment
and a huge gamble in Yee Ren. Lu supplied Yee Ren with
plenty of money and made him the toast of the high society
in Gangdan. Lu Buwei also made Yee Ren the favorite step-son
to the Queen of Qin who had no child of her own. Eventually,
Lu Buwei helped Yee Ren to escape from Chao and returned
to Qin, and became the heir to the throne. Lu Buwei not
only supplied Yee Ren money, he also gave one of his favorite
concubines to Yee Ren as wife, and soon after they got
married, she gave birth to Qin Shihuang. It was rather
possible that Lu Buwei was the real father.
[
Qin Shihuang is one of the two real historical characters
in this opera, but only appears in the Prelude, leading
the singing and dancing with all the Terracotta Warriors.
] |
秦昭王四十八年正月 始皇出生於趙國邯鄲,名為趙政,又稱贏政 有關始皇生父,即莊襄王子楚(又稱異人),原先在趙為質子,適為商人呂不韋所見,視為奇貨,遂資以錢財,廣結人緣,並打通安國君(即後之秦孝文王)之華陽夫人,認做繼子
後潛返秦國終登王位,唯曾於呂邸飲宴時,見呂不韋愛姬悅而請之,呂慨然相讓,時姬已有孕,卻隱之,至大期遂生始皇,故有傳言呂不韋乃始皇生父 |
| 249 B.C. |
Age 11 |
Yee Ren took over the throne and became
the King of Qin. Lu Buwei became the Prime Minister. |
秦昭王五十四年
異人即位,為莊襄王,僅三年即卒 |
| 246 B.C. |
Age 14 |
Yee Ren died after only three years in
power. Qin Shihuang took over. The Prime Minister – Lu
Buwei kept a secrete relationship with the Queen Mother
and Qin Shihuang was instructed to call him “Second Father.”
Fear for himself that this dangerous liaison with the
Queen Mother might be discovered by the young Emperor,
the Prime Minister Lu Buwei soon gave her another lover
– Lao Ai to replace himself. With Lao Ai, the Queen Mother
gave birth to 2 sons, who were raised in total secrecy;
only to be killed by Qin Shihuang when Lao Ai tried an
coup d’etate and failed. |
秦始皇元年
始皇即位,尊呂不韋為相國,號稱仲父 呂不韋與太后有私,因懼始皇年稍長,遂薦嫪毐自代,嫪毐與太后生有二子,並於始皇九年為亂俱被殺 |
| 241 B.C. |
Age 19 |
Several warlord countries: Han, Chao, Wei,
Choo allied together and waged a war against Qin, but
only to fall apart when confronted by Qin and dispursed.
The 7 warlord countries of the time were: Qin, Chi, Han,
Wei, Chao, Choo, Yen. Qin located on the west of the continent.
Immediately neighboring Qin on the east were Han, Chao,
and Wei. Han was the weakest. Choo was the largest, strongest,
and on the south side. Chi, on the east and by the see,
had always been Qin’s ally. Yen’s heir to the throne –
Prince Dan, had personal conflict with Qin Shihuang himself.
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秦始皇六年
五國聯軍攻秦 戰國七雄為: 燕,韓,趙,魏,齊,楚,秦 秦在西最強, 採遠交近攻之策,向緊鄰東邊的韓趙魏頻頻侵犯,韓最弱,楚在南,唯齊臨東海,則向與秦互不侵犯
燕太子丹與始皇少時相識,卻因後始皇對丹未能禮遇,丹遂生私怨而有隙 |
| 239 B.C. |
Age 21 |
Lao Ai was promoted to become a Duke. He
tried to compete with the Prime Mister for the political
power. |
秦始皇八年
嫪毐封長信侯 |
| 238 B.C. |
Age 22 |
Lao Ai was executed after an ill-fated
coup d’etate.
[ Mentioned in Act III Scene
I ] |
秦始皇九年
嫪毐為亂,戰咸陽,敗,處車裂之刑,太后遷於雍 |
| 237 B.C. |
Age 23 |
Lu Buwei was deprived of Prime Minister’s
duty. |
秦始皇十年
相國呂不韋免,太后返咸陽 |
| 236 B.C. |
Age 24 |
Lu Buwei was sent back to his own estate.
|
秦始皇十一年
呂不韋就國河南 |
| 235 B.C. |
Age 25 |
After received a personal letter from Qin
Shihuang, Lu Buwei committed suicide. |
秦始皇十二年
呂不韋自殺 |
| 234 B.C. |
Age 26 |
Qin started vigorous war fares against
the rest of the warlord countries. Since Qin’s military
force was the strongest among the 7 warlords, eventually
it succeeded unifying the entire country in 220 B.C. Han
send an ambassador to Qin to negotiate some kind of peace
treaty, but was accused being a spy and was executed.
[ Mentioned in Act III Scene I ] |
秦始皇十三年
韓派韓非來使,遭李斯毒害死,韓王請為臣 |
| 231 B.C. |
Age 29 |
Officially established the city of Lisan
as the administrative organization for Qin Shihuang’s
mausoleum. But the process of selecting a location and
start building the mausoleum had begun shortly after he
took over the throne. |
秦始皇十六年
置驪邑 |
| 230 B.C. |
Age 30 |
Han was the first to be eliminated by Qin.
[ Mentioned in Act III Scene I ] |
秦始皇十七年
內使騰攻韓,生俘韓王,韓滅 |
| 228 B.C. |
Age 31 |
Chao was eliminated. |
秦始皇十九年
王翦滅趙 |
| 227 B.C. |
Age 32 |
Prince Dan of the warlord country Yen send
an ambassador Jing Ke to the Sienyang Palace in Qin, as
a gesture of submission from Yen to Qin. But in fact,
Jing Ke was an assassin; he brought two things with him:
one was the head of a deserter, General Fan, from Qin’s
Army, the other was the map of the richest cities of Yen.
Rolled up in the centre of the map hides a poisonous dagger,
as Jing Ke slowly unrolls the map and presents it to the
Emperor, he picks up the dagger, grabs the Emperor’s arm,
and plunges the dagger into the Emperor, thus rids the
world of a mad dictator! Unfortunately it did not happen
the way Jing Ke and Prince Dan had planned, Jing Ke was
killed by Qin Shihuang. Right before Prince Dan sent Jing
Ke on the assassin mission, he gave Jing Ke a farewell
party by the bank of River Yi. Jing Ke’s best friend –
Musician Kao Jienli played ‘Tzu’ (an ancient string instrument),
accompanying Jing Ke’s famous parting song: Wind from
the River Yi.
[ The entire assassin action
is acted out with mime and percussion music only, in Act
II Scene III ] |
秦始皇二十年
燕太子丹使荊軻刺秦王,荊軻攜樊於期頭函與督亢之圖赴秦,圖內暗藏徐夫人之毒匕,當荊軻在始皇座前展圖,圖窮匕現,荊軻一手把始皇臂,取匕振刺,則一人死而百姓歡騰矣
惜事實與計策大有別,因此行刺未成,荊軻車裂死,王翦率兵攻燕 荊軻行前, 燕丹於易水泮親為餞行,有高漸離擊筑,荊軻慷慨悲歌 |
| 226 B.C. |
Age 33 |
Qin defeated Prince Dan’s army, Prince
Dan was beheaded. Musician Kao went into hiding after
the failed assassination. Some time later, he resurfaced,
only to be blinded and sent to the palace to play Tzu
for the Emperor. There, he attempted his own assassination
by weighing his Tzu with lead and got very close to the
Emperor, then threw the instrument at the Emperor. He
failed also and was killed.
[ Musician Kao
is the second real historical character in this opera,
appeared at the time of his resurfacing after Jing Ke’s
death. – Act II Scene III] |
秦始皇二十一年
王翦破燕太子丹軍,得太子丹首 荊軻失敗後,高漸離隱於傭僕,久而不耐復出,被燻瞎眼,送入咸陽宮為始皇擊筑,因而得近始皇,遂以鉛實筑擲之行刺,亦不成,遂被殺 |
| 225 B.C. |
Age 34 |
Wei was eliminated. |
秦始皇二十二年
王賁滅魏 |
| 223 B.C. |
Age 36 |
Choo was eliminated. |
秦始皇二十四年
王翦,蒙武破楚 |
| 222 B.C. |
Age 37 |
Yen was eliminated. |
秦始皇二十五年
王賁擄燕王喜,滅燕 |
| 221 B.C. |
Age 38 |
Chi was the last to be eliminated. The
Middle Kingdom was united. Qin Shihuang called himself
the First Emperor of China.
[ Mentioned in
Prelude ]
Li Sy became the Prime Minister. Chao Gao was the Royal
Transit Official, but later on, was appointed to be the
tutor of the Emperor’s youngest son – Hu Hai.
[
Mentioned in Act III Scene II ] |
秦始皇二十六年
蒙恬.王賁擊齊,虜齊王建,初併天下,立為皇帝 |
| 220 B.C. |
Age 39 |
Qin Shihuang unified the written language,
the measurement, the carriage tracks. Set October as the
first month of the year.
[ Mentioned in Prelude
]
Started the first of the five trips touring the country,
this time, to the northwest area.
[ Mentioned
in Prelude ] |
秦始皇二十七年
厲行車同軌,書同文,及統一度量衡 始皇帝巡隴西,北地等 |
| 219 B.C. |
Age 41 |
Started the building of the largest palace:
Ah Fong. Took the second trip, touring the northeast area.
|
秦始皇二十八年
開始興建阿房宮 始皇東巡,至泰山封禪,北登瑯琊 |
| 218 B.C. |
Age 42 |
While touring the eastern part of the country,
Qin Shihuang encountered another assassin attempt against
him. Zhang Liang, a rebellious young noble from the country
of Han, staged an ambush; he arranged a strongman throwing
a huge sledgehammer at the Emperor’s carriage, but missed
and hit the wrong carriage.
[ The leading
tenor – Hantrong referred Zhang Liang as his college,
in Act II Scene I ] |
秦始皇二十九年
始皇帝東行郡縣 張良率力士刺始皇於博浪沙,誤中副車,天下各郡大索十日 |
| 216 B.C. |
Age 44 |
Qin Shihuang changed the name of December
from ‘La’ to ‘Jiaping,’ upon the recommendation of a soothsayer,
so to bring peace to the whole country.
[
The opera began in this year and the month of December
– Act I Scene I ] |
秦始皇三十一年
改臘月名為嘉平 |
| 215 B.C. |
Age 45 |
Took the fourth trip, touring the north.
Send many religious person and cult priests to search
for immortal deities. Financially supported many alchemists
to make pills that will give humans immortality.
[ Mentioned in Act III Scene I ] |
秦始皇三十二年
始皇巡視北邊 使燕人盧生求羨門高誓,並令方士求仙人不死之藥 |
| 214 B.C. |
Age 46 |
Qin deployed heavy armed forces along the
northern boarder, guarding and building the wall to fence
off the barbarians (ancestor of the Huns). |
秦始皇三十三年
築長城河上,蒙恬將兵三十萬經營北地 |
| 213 B.C. |
Age 47 |
Some of the Confucius’ scholars requested
that the government structure and the administration system
of the country be modeled after the old style, which was
depicted in detail in Confucius’ teaching. But the Prime
Minister, Lee Sy, had a very different vision for the
kingdom. Upon his advice, Qin Shihuang ordered that all
books by Confucius and by other schools of scholars to
be burnt, only technical books, law books to be exempted.
[ Mentioned in Act III Scene I ] |
秦始皇三十四年
下令焚書,所不去者,醫藥,卜筮,種樹之書 |
| 212 B.C. |
Age 48 |
Qin Shihuang discovered that many Confucius
scholars and courtiers were criticizing him and the government
behind his back. He asked those people to turn themselves
in, after they did, he buried them alive. Close to a 500
people were killed in this persecution.
[
Mentioned in Act III Scene I ]
The Emperor’s oldest son, also heir to the throne – Fu
Soo expressed his concern that this persecution may destabilize
the new country, since Confucius’ teaching still had great
influence on the entire population. Enraged by Fu Soo’s
weak character, Qin Shihuang kicked him out of the Capital
Sienyang and sent him to north boarder to be with the
army that was deployed there. |
秦始皇三十五年
有方士及諸生背後微言始皇,於是令御史追查,並令諸生自除,犯禁者四百六十餘人,悉遭坑殺 太子扶蘇稍勸阻,始皇怒,令扶蘇北監蒙恬於上郡 |
| 210 B.C. |
Age 50 |
Started the fifth touring trip in October
to the southern provinces. In July, Qin Shihuang became
ill and died on the road.In the beginning, the youngest
son of Hu Hai asked to be on this tour trip with the Emperor
and got the permission. Accompanying him was his teacher,
Chao Gao. Also with the Emperor was the Prime Mister Lee
Sy. Upon the Emperor’s sudden death, Chao Gao came up
with a scheme which turned the whole world upside down.
He first convinced Lee Sy to be on his side. They did
not announce the Emperor’s death right away, but forged
a decree from the Emperor ordering the heir to the throne
– Fu Soo, as well as the Commander of the army – Mun Tien
at the north boarder, to die; because they had fallen
out of the Emperor’s favor. Then they declared that Hu
Hai now became the heir to the throne.
[ The
whole intrigue is revealed in a confidential letter written
by Chao Gao, Act III Scene II ]
They carried a cart-load of abalone following the Emperor’s
royal carriage, in order to cover the sticking smell from
the Emperor’s decaying corps. In September, they returned
to the Capital, and Qin Shihuang was buried in his mausoleum.
All the concubines who did not bear any child with the
Emperor were buried alive with the Emperor. And the architects,
builders, interior designers, specialized artists faced
the same fate; they were sealed inside the tomb alive.
[ This is the finale of the opera. ] |
秦始皇三十七年
十月,始皇巡行會稽,瑯琊,歸途經沙丘崩 時為七月,趙高,李斯秘不發喪,矯詔賜扶蘇,蒙恬死,更立胡亥立為二世皇帝,為掩蓋屍臭,於車駕後跟一石鮑魚
九月返咸陽遂葬酈山,後宮非有子者,出焉不宜,皆令從死,又有工匠為機者,因盡知藏寶,遂亦生薶之,使無復出者 |
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